Understanding the factors that contribute to MMR is crucial in developing effective strategies to reduce it

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 19 views

Background

Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is one of the most important indicators in public health. In Indonesia, in 2015, MMR was recorded at 126 per 100,000 live births, which is still far from the target of the Millennium Development Objectives (MDGs) which set MMR reduction to 102 per 100,000 live births. The high MMR in Indonesia is a major concern for the government and health professionals. Understanding the factors that contribute to MMR is crucial in developing effective strategies to reduce it.

The Role of Parity in Maternal Health

Increased parity, or the number of births experienced by a woman, can affect the health of pregnant women. This is caused by a decrease in vascularization as well as decidua atrophy due to previous pregnancy, which has the potential to cause placenta previa. Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, which can lead to severe bleeding during pregnancy or childbirth. The risk of placenta previa increases with the number of previous pregnancies, making it a significant concern for women with high parity.

Research Purposes

Determining the Relationship between Parity and Placenta Previa

This study aims to determine the relationship between parity and placenta previa at Adam Malik Haji Hospital and Networking Hospital. Understanding the relationship between parity and placenta previa is essential in developing effective strategies to reduce the risk of placenta previa and improve maternal health.

Methodology

Research Design

This research is analytic with a cross-sectional design. The research location was conducted at the Adam Malik Haji Hospital and Dr. Pirngadi, with the population studied being a pregnant woman. The cross-sectional design allows for the examination of the relationship between parity and placenta previa at a single point in time.

Sampling Method

This study uses the fixed disease sampling method and involves 94 patients as a sample. The fixed disease sampling method is a type of sampling method that involves selecting a sample of patients with a specific disease or condition.

Data Analysis

Data analysis was carried out using the Chi Square test. The Chi Square test is a statistical test used to determine the significance of the relationship between two categorical variables.

Research Result

Sample Characteristics

Of the 94 samples studied, consisting of 47 women who experience placenta previa and 47 women with normal placenta. Based on parity, the sample was divided into 60 multipara women (who had given birth more than once) and 34 primipara women (who were first giving birth). The sample characteristics are presented in Table 1.

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
Placenta Previa	47	50.0%
Normal Placenta	47	50.0%
Multipara	60	63.8%
Primipara	34	36.2%

Chi Square Analysis

The results of Chi Square's analysis showed a significant relationship between parity and placenta previa, with the value of P <0.05. The Chi Square analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between parity and placenta previa.

Conclusion

The Relationship between Parity and Placenta Previa

It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parity and the incidence of placenta previa with the value of p = 0.032 (p <0.05) and odds ratio (OR) = 2.56 (OR> 1). This shows that women who have higher parity have a greater risk of experiencing placenta previa compared to women whose parity is lower.

Additional Analysis

Implications for Maternal Health

The findings of this study have important implications in the field of maternal health. Increased awareness and supervision of women with high parity can help in preventing complications that can be fatal, including placenta previa. Doctors and other health workers must pay extra attention to multipara women during antenatal examination.

Recommendations for Future Research

In addition, information about the risk of placenta previa must be socialized to the community, especially to women who plan to have more than one child. Further research and educational programs on parity and the risk of pregnancy must be the main focus in efforts to improve the health of pregnant women and reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia.

Q: What is placenta previa?

A: Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, which can lead to severe bleeding during pregnancy or childbirth.

Q: What is parity?

A: Parity refers to the number of births experienced by a woman. Women who have given birth more than once are considered multipara, while those who are first-time mothers are considered primipara.

Q: What is the relationship between parity and placenta previa?

A: The study found a significant relationship between parity and placenta previa, with women who have higher parity having a greater risk of experiencing placenta previa compared to women whose parity is lower.

Q: What are the implications of this study for maternal health?

A: The findings of this study highlight the importance of parity in maternal health and the need for increased awareness and supervision of women with high parity to prevent complications that can be fatal, including placenta previa.

Q: What can be done to reduce the risk of placenta previa?

A: To reduce the risk of placenta previa, women with high parity should receive extra attention during antenatal examination, and information about the risk of placenta previa should be socialized to the community, especially to women who plan to have more than one child.

Q: What is the significance of this study for public health?

A: This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between parity and placenta previa, which is essential in developing effective strategies to reduce the risk of placenta previa and improve maternal health.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has some limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the full complexity of the relationship between parity and placenta previa.

Q: What are the recommendations for future research?

A: Further research and educational programs on parity and the risk of pregnancy must be the main focus in efforts to improve the health of pregnant women and reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia.

Q: What can be done to improve maternal health in Indonesia?

A: To improve maternal health in Indonesia, the government and health professionals should prioritize the development of effective strategies to reduce the risk of placenta previa and other maternal health complications, and provide access to quality healthcare services for all pregnant women.

Q: What is the role of healthcare providers in reducing the risk of placenta previa?

A: Healthcare providers play a crucial role in reducing the risk of placenta previa by providing extra attention to women with high parity during antenatal examination, and by socializing information about the risk of placenta previa to the community.

Q: What can be done to increase awareness about the risk of placenta previa?

A: To increase awareness about the risk of placenta previa, health education programs should be implemented to educate women and their families about the risk factors and symptoms of placenta previa, and the importance of seeking medical attention if symptoms occur.

Q: What is the impact of this study on policy and practice?

A: The findings of this study have the potential to inform policy and practice in the area of maternal health, and to contribute to the development of effective strategies to reduce the risk of placenta previa and improve maternal health outcomes.