The Influence of Lifestyle on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital in 2014

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 89 views

The Influence of Lifestyle on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital in 2014

Introduction

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become a major public health concern worldwide, including Indonesia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of T2DM has increased significantly over the past few decades, with an estimated 463 million adults living with the disease in 2019. In Indonesia, T2DM is the most common type of diabetes, and its prevalence has been increasing steadily over the years.

Background

The Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital is one of the major referral hospitals in the region, and it has been reporting a significant increase in the incidence of T2DM among its patients. In 2011, the prevalence of T2DM was 81%, which increased to 86% in 2012 and reached 91% in 2013. This trend suggests that the disease is becoming more prevalent in the region, and it is essential to identify the underlying factors contributing to this increase.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of lifestyle factors on the incidence of T2DM at the Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital in 2014. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the relationship between the consumption of vegetables and fruit, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption, and the incidence of T2DM.

Methodology

This study employed an analytic survey method with a matched case-control approach. A total of 256 patients with T2DM were selected as the study population, with 57 patients serving as cases and 57 patients serving as controls. The data were collected using a questionnaire, and the analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods.

Results

The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the consumption of vegetables and fruit, physical activity, and smoking habits, and the incidence of T2DM. Specifically:

Consumption of vegetables and fruit: The analysis showed that low consumption of vegetables and fruit was associated with a 3.33-fold increased risk of T2DM (p-value = 0.003, CI 95%: 1.14-3.67).
Physical activity: The study found that lack of physical activity was associated with a 2.23-fold increased risk of T2DM (p-value = 0.001, CI 95%: 1.10-2.50).
Smoking: The analysis showed that smoking habits were associated with a 2.46-fold increased risk of T2DM (p-value = 0.047, CI 95%: 1.99-6.08).
Alcohol consumption: The study found that alcohol consumption did not show a significant effect on the incidence of T2DM.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that lifestyle factors play a significant role in the incidence of T2DM. The findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle habits, such as consuming a balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruits, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking habits. These habits can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and improve overall health outcomes.

Implications and Recommendations

The results of this study have several implications for public health policy and practice. Firstly, the study highlights the need for increased public awareness about the risks of T2DM and the importance of adopting healthy lifestyle habits. Secondly, the study suggests that healthcare providers should prioritize nutrition counseling and counseling programs to educate patients about the importance of consuming a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the significant influence of lifestyle factors on the incidence of T2DM at the Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital in 2014. The findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle habits, such as consuming a balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruits, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking habits. By adopting these habits, individuals can reduce their risk of developing T2DM and improve overall health outcomes.

Recommendations for Future Research

Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing the incidence of T2DM. Additionally, studies should explore the role of other lifestyle factors, such as stress management and sleep quality, in the development of T2DM.

Limitations of the Study

This study had several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a matched case-control design. Future studies should aim to recruit larger sample sizes and employ more robust study designs to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion

Q: What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

A: T2DM is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the way the body processes glucose, a type of sugar that serves as a primary source of energy for the body. In people with T2DM, the body becomes resistant to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

Q: What are the risk factors for developing T2DM?

A: The risk factors for developing T2DM include:

Family history of T2DM
Obesity or being overweight
Physical inactivity
Poor diet, including high consumption of sugary drinks and refined carbohydrates
Smoking
Age (risk increases with age)
Ethnicity (certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and American Indians, are at higher risk)

Q: What is the role of lifestyle in the development of T2DM?

A: Lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking habits, play a significant role in the development of T2DM. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoidance of smoking, can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM.

Q: What are the key findings of the study on the influence of lifestyle on the incidence of T2DM?

A: The study found that:

Low consumption of vegetables and fruit was associated with a 3.33-fold increased risk of T2DM
Lack of physical activity was associated with a 2.23-fold increased risk of T2DM
Smoking habits were associated with a 2.46-fold increased risk of T2DM
Alcohol consumption did not show a significant effect on the incidence of T2DM

Q: What are the implications of the study for public health policy and practice?

A: The study highlights the need for increased public awareness about the risks of T2DM and the importance of adopting healthy lifestyle habits. Healthcare providers should prioritize nutrition counseling and counseling programs to educate patients about the importance of consuming a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity.

Q: What can individuals do to reduce their risk of developing T2DM?

A: Individuals can reduce their risk of developing T2DM by:

Eating a balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruits
Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, running, or swimming
Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
Maintaining a healthy weight
Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor blood sugar levels and detect any potential problems early

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study had several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a matched case-control design. Future studies should aim to recruit larger sample sizes and employ more robust study designs to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Q: What are the future research directions for this topic?

A: Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing the incidence of T2DM. Additionally, studies should explore the role of other lifestyle factors, such as stress management and sleep quality, in the development of T2DM.

Q: How can individuals get more information about T2DM and healthy lifestyle habits?

A: Individuals can get more information about T2DM and healthy lifestyle habits by:

Consulting with a healthcare provider
Visiting reputable websites, such as the American Diabetes Association or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Talking to a registered dietitian or a certified fitness professional
Joining a support group or a community program focused on healthy lifestyle habits