The Importance of Pain Management

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 3 views

Comparison of Effectiveness and Side Effects of Ketamine Dosage 0.2 mg/kg with Morphine Dose of 0.1 mg/kg Intravenous Bolus for Handling Acute Pain Patients with Extremity Trauma in the Emergency Installation of Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan Medan

Pain is one of the main causes that encourage patients to seek medical help. Therefore, the appropriate administration of analgesics is very important to overcome pain from the beginning the patient arrived at the hospital. Ketamine and morphine are known as effective analgesics for handling acute pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of decreased pain scale after giving bolus ketamine with a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and morphine with a dose of 0.1 mg/kg in patients with moderate to severe acute pain due to extremity trauma.

The Importance of Pain Management

Pain management is a crucial aspect of patient care, especially in emergency situations. Acute pain can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life, and timely and effective pain management can improve patient outcomes. Ketamine and morphine are two commonly used analgesics for acute pain management. However, their effectiveness and side effects can vary depending on the patient's condition and the dosage used.

This research was conducted at the Emergency Installation of Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in Medan after obtaining approval from the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. A total of 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria were taken as samples. The sample is divided randomly into two treatment groups. Group A receives intravenous ketamine bolus with a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, while group B receives intravenous morphine bolus at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Pain assessment is carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scale before treatment and every 15 minutes for 120 minutes after treatment.

The results showed that there were significant differences in the decline in NRS scores in almost all observations. From observations of T1 to T4, the ketamine group shows the average decrease in NRS scores that are lower than the morphine groups. However, after observing T6 to T8, morphine groups showed a better decline. In general, the incidence of side effects such as sedation and nausea in both groups does not indicate a significant side effect. This shows that the two analgesics are safe for use in the management of acute pain in extremity trauma patients.

The results of this study show that ketamine and morphine have similar effectiveness in reducing pain. However, ketamine shows a faster decline in NRS scores compared to morphine. This finding suggests that ketamine can be an effective alternative in acute pain management in extremity trauma patients.

The results of this study also show that both ketamine and morphine are safe for use in the management of acute pain in extremity trauma patients. The incidence of side effects such as sedation and nausea in both groups is not significant. This suggests that both analgesics can be used safely in emergency situations.

Based on the results of the study, intravenous bolus ketamine with a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and intravenous morphine bolus with a dose of 0.1 mg/kg does not show a statistically significant difference in reducing the average value of NRS. However, clinically, ketamine is proven to provide a faster decline in NRS scores compared to morphine. This finding shows that ketamine can be an effective alternative in acute pain management in extremity trauma patients, although morphine remains a valid and safe choice.

It is important for medical personnel to consider the use of ketamine as an analgesic choice in an emergency situation, especially in handling acute pain in patients with extremity trauma. The selection of analgesics must be adjusted to clinical needs and the patient's condition to achieve optimal pain management. This study provides valuable information for medical personnel to make informed decisions about pain management in emergency situations.

This study has several limitations. The sample size is relatively small, and the study was conducted in a single hospital setting. Therefore, the results of this study may not be generalizable to other populations or settings. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the effectiveness and side effects of ketamine and morphine in different patient populations and settings.

This study provides a foundation for further research on the effectiveness and side effects of ketamine and morphine in acute pain management. Future studies should aim to explore the optimal dosage and administration of ketamine and morphine in different patient populations and settings. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of ketamine and morphine on patient outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Ketamine and Morphine for Acute Pain Management

A: Ketamine is a medication that is used to treat pain, particularly in emergency situations. It works by blocking the pain signals to the brain, which can help to reduce the perception of pain.

A: Morphine is a medication that is used to treat pain, particularly in severe cases. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, which can help to reduce the perception of pain.

A: The benefits of using ketamine for acute pain management include its ability to provide rapid pain relief, its safety profile, and its ability to be used in a variety of settings.

A: The benefits of using morphine for acute pain management include its ability to provide effective pain relief, its safety profile, and its ability to be used in a variety of settings.

A: The potential side effects of ketamine include sedation, nausea, and vomiting. However, these side effects are generally mild and temporary.

A: The potential side effects of morphine include constipation, nausea, and vomiting. However, these side effects are generally mild and temporary.

A: Yes, ketamine and morphine can be used together in certain situations. However, this should only be done under the guidance of a medical professional.

A: Ketamine typically starts working within 1-2 minutes, while morphine typically starts working within 5-10 minutes.

A: The pain relief from ketamine and morphine can last for several hours, depending on the individual and the dosage used.

A: Ketamine and morphine can be used in patients with certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, but should only be used under the guidance of a medical professional.

A: The risks of using ketamine and morphine in patients with certain medical conditions include respiratory depression, constipation, and other side effects.

A: Ketamine and morphine should be administered by a medical professional in a controlled setting, such as a hospital or clinic.

A: Ketamine and morphine should be stored in a secure location, away from children and pets, and disposed of properly when no longer needed.

A: Ketamine and morphine can be used in patients who are taking other medications, but should only be used under the guidance of a medical professional.

A: The potential interactions between ketamine and morphine and other medications include increased risk of side effects, such as respiratory depression and constipation.

A: Ketamine and morphine should be monitored during use by a medical professional, including regular checks of vital signs and side effects.

A: The emergency procedures for ketamine and morphine overdose include administering naloxone, a medication that can reverse the effects of the overdose, and providing supportive care, such as oxygen and cardiac monitoring.