The Importance of Family History and Hormonal Contraception in Breast Cancer

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 77 views

Understanding Breast Cancer: A Growing Concern in Indonesia

Breast cancer, also known as mammarian carcinoma, is a type of cancer that affects the breast tissue. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells that can form lumps or tumors. In Indonesia, breast cancer has become a significant health concern, with a high incidence rate among women. According to the latest statistics, the incidence rate of breast cancer in Indonesia is 42.1 per 100,000 population, with an average mortality rate of 17 per 100,000 population. This alarming trend highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with breast cancer.

The Importance of Family History and Hormonal Contraception in Breast Cancer

Research has shown that family history and the use of hormonal contraception are significant risk factors for breast cancer. A family history of breast cancer can increase a woman's risk of developing the disease, while the use of hormonal contraception, particularly hormonal contraceptive pills, has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the relationship between family history and the use of hormonal contraception with the incidence of breast cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in 2023.

Research Methodology: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study employed an analytic design with a cross-sectional approach to investigate the relationship between family history and the use of hormonal contraception with the incidence of breast cancer. A total of 96 patients were selected using accidental sampling techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using univariate and bivariate approaches, with the Chi-Square test used to determine the significance of the relationships between the variables.

Research Results: A Closer Look at the Data

The results of this study showed that the highest proportion of breast cancer patients were found in the age group over 50 years (61.5%), followed by the Batak ethnic group (45.8%), Middle Level Education (39.6%), and work as a mother household (60.4%). In terms of marriage status, 94.8% of patients were married. The assessment of the cancer stage showed that most patients were in phase III (36.5%), while menarche age ≥ 12 years was found in 77.1% of patients. In terms of obesity status, 59.4% of patients had a body mass index (BMI) below 25, while 85.4% of them had a history of breastfeeding.

The Relationship Between Family History and Hormonal Contraception with Breast Cancer

Further analysis showed a significant relationship between family history (p = 0.046), the use of hormonal contraception (p = 0.036), type of hormonal contraception (p = 0.042), and the duration of the use of hormonal contraception (p = 0.033) with the incidence of breast cancer. These findings suggest that family history and the use of hormonal contraception are significant risk factors for breast cancer.

Discussion: Implications for Medical Personnel and the Public

The findings of this study have important implications for medical personnel and the public. The results suggest that factors such as family history and the use of hormonal contraception play an important role in increasing the risk of breast cancer. This highlights the need for strict supervision and education about the importance of breast health, especially for women with a family history of breast cancer, as well as women who use hormonal contraception.

Conclusion: A Call to Action for Preventive Measures

In conclusion, this study provides clear evidence of the relationship between family history and the use of hormonal contraception with the incidence of breast cancer. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a more intensive preventive approach to detect and reduce the incidence of breast cancer among women's populations in Indonesia. By increasing early detection activities and preventive measures, we can reduce the burden of breast cancer and improve the health outcomes of women in Indonesia.

Recommendations for Future Research

Future research should focus on investigating the relationship between other risk factors, such as lifestyle and environmental factors, with the incidence of breast cancer. Additionally, studies should aim to identify effective preventive measures and early detection strategies to reduce the incidence of breast cancer among women's populations in Indonesia.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of accidental sampling techniques. Additionally, the study only investigated the relationship between family history and the use of hormonal contraception with the incidence of breast cancer, and did not explore other potential risk factors.

Future Directions for Research

Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between other risk factors, such as lifestyle and environmental factors, with the incidence of breast cancer. Additionally, studies should aim to identify effective preventive measures and early detection strategies to reduce the incidence of breast cancer among women's populations in Indonesia.

Conclusion: A Call to Action for Breast Cancer Prevention

Q: What is the relationship between family history and breast cancer?

A: Research has shown that a family history of breast cancer can increase a woman's risk of developing the disease. This is because certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited from one's parents and increase the risk of breast cancer.

Q: What is the relationship between hormonal contraception and breast cancer?

A: The use of hormonal contraception, particularly hormonal contraceptive pills, has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. This is because hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progesterone, which can stimulate the growth of breast cells and increase the risk of cancer.

Q: What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

A: The risk factors for breast cancer include:

Family history of breast cancer
Use of hormonal contraception
Age (breast cancer risk increases with age)
Genetics (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations)
Radiation exposure
Obesity
Lack of breastfeeding
Early menarche (before age 12)
Late menopause (after age 55)

Q: How can I reduce my risk of breast cancer?

A: There are several ways to reduce your risk of breast cancer, including:

Maintaining a healthy weight
Engaging in regular physical activity
Eating a balanced diet
Avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption
Getting regular mammograms and breast exams
Considering hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alternatives
Discussing your family history and risk factors with your healthcare provider

Q: What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

A: The symptoms of breast cancer can include:

A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area
Change in the size or shape of the breast
Dimpling or puckering of the skin
Redness or scaliness of the skin
Nipple discharge or change in nipple position
Pain or tenderness in the breast or underarm area

Q: How is breast cancer diagnosed?

A: Breast cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of:

Mammography (breast X-ray)
Clinical breast exam (physical examination of the breast)
Biopsy (removal of tissue for examination under a microscope)
Imaging tests (such as ultrasound or MRI)

Q: What are the treatment options for breast cancer?

A: The treatment options for breast cancer depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the individual's overall health. Treatment options may include:

Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Targeted therapy
Immunotherapy

Q: Can breast cancer be prevented?

A: While there is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk, such as maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and getting regular mammograms and breast exams.

Q: What is the prognosis for breast cancer?

A: The prognosis for breast cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the individual's overall health. With early detection and treatment, the prognosis for breast cancer is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of 90% or higher.

Q: Where can I get more information about breast cancer?

A: You can get more information about breast cancer from:

American Cancer Society (ACS)
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
American College of Radiology (ACR)
Susan G. Komen for the Cure
Your healthcare provider

Remember, early detection and treatment are key to a successful outcome for breast cancer. If you have any concerns or questions, don't hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider.