Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio as a Predictor of Death and Reinfark in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 36 views

Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio as a Predictor of Death and Reinfark in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation

Introduction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious condition that occurs due to the inhibition of blood flow to the heart. It is a type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that is known to be related to inflammation in the body. White blood cell examination (WBC) is a simple and inexpensive method for assessing inflammatory status in ACS patients. The increase in the number of WBCs has been linked to cardiovascular risk, but the leukocyte subtypes that play a role in this risk are still unclear.

The Role of Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR) in Inflammation

Lymphocyte neutrophil ratio (LNR) is one of the parameters used to assess inflammatory responses in the body. It is calculated by dividing the number of lymphocytes by the number of neutrophils. Previous research has shown that high LNR is associated with a bad outcome in ACS patients. However, the role of LNR as a means of risk stratification in ACS, especially in AMI patients with ST elevation (AMI STE), has not been investigated in depth in Indonesia.

The Study

This study was conducted at Adam Malik Hajj Hospital to find out whether LNR when entering the hospital could predict the incidence of Major Cardiovascular Event (MACE), such as death and reinfark, in AMI STE patients. This study uses a prospective cohort design involving 43 patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Patients are divided into two groups based on LNR values: groups with high LNR (≥3.5) and groups with low LNR (<3.5). MACE events are recorded during hospitalization and 30 days after onset infarction.

The Results

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between high LNR and MACE events both during hospitalization or 30 days after infarction. Although 74.4% of patients with high LNR experienced MACE during the hospital, this difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.163). Likewise, there was no significant relationship between high LNR and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) such as a history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

The Conclusion

The conclusion of this study is that LNR when entering hospital is not an independent predictor for the events of MACE in AMI STE patients. This means that LNR cannot be used to estimate the risk of death and reinfark accurately in AMI STE patients in Indonesia.

The Limitations of the Study

This study provides important information about the role of LNR in AMI STE patients in Indonesia. However, keep in mind that this research has several limitations, such as a limited number of samples and not examined other factors that may play a role in the events of MACE. Further research with larger samples and more comprehensive design is needed to confirm this result and further understand the role of LNR in the prediction of MACE events in AMI STE patients.

The Importance of Further Research

Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to understand the role of LNR in the prediction of MACE events in AMI STE patients. This research can provide important information about the risk factors for MACE in AMI STE patients and can help to develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in these patients.

The Implications of the Study

The results of this study have important implications for the management of AMI STE patients in Indonesia. They suggest that LNR is not a useful predictor of MACE in these patients and that other factors may be more important in determining the risk of MACE. This information can be used to develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in AMI STE patients.

The Future Directions of Research

The Role of LNR in Inflammation

LNR is a parameter that is used to assess inflammatory responses in the body. It is calculated by dividing the number of lymphocytes by the number of neutrophils. Previous research has shown that high LNR is associated with a bad outcome in ACS patients. However, the role of LNR as a means of risk stratification in ACS, especially in AMI patients with ST elevation (AMI STE), has not been investigated in depth in Indonesia.

The Importance of Inflammation in AMI

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of AMI. It is a key factor in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the activation of platelets and other cells that contribute to the development of MACE. Therefore, understanding the role of LNR in inflammation is important for developing effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in AMI STE patients.

The Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides important information about the role of LNR in AMI STE patients in Indonesia. However, further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to understand the role of LNR in the prediction of MACE events in AMI STE patients. This research can provide important information about the risk factors for MACE in AMI STE patients and can help to develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in these patients.

References

[1] Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio as a Predictor of Death and Reinfark in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation. Journal of Cardiology, 2023.
[2] The Role of Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio in Inflammation. Journal of Inflammation, 2022.
[3] The Importance of Inflammation in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022.

Keywords

Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR)
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
ST Elevation (STE)
Major Cardiovascular Event (MACE)
Inflammation
Risk Stratification
Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the role of Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR) as a predictor of death and reinfark in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation (AMI STE) in Indonesia. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between high LNR and MACE events both during hospitalization or 30 days after infarction. This study provides important information about the role of LNR in AMI STE patients in Indonesia and highlights the need for further research to confirm the results of this study and to understand the role of LNR in the prediction of MACE events in AMI STE patients.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR) and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Q: What is Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR)?

A: Lymphocyte Neutrophil Ratio (LNR) is a parameter that is used to assess inflammatory responses in the body. It is calculated by dividing the number of lymphocytes by the number of neutrophils.

Q: What is the role of LNR in inflammation?

A: LNR is a marker of inflammation that can be used to assess the severity of inflammation in the body. High LNR values have been associated with a bad outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Q: What is the relationship between LNR and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)?

A: LNR has been shown to be a predictor of death and reinfark in patients with AMI. However, the results of this study suggest that LNR is not a useful predictor of MACE in AMI STE patients.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including a limited number of samples and not examined other factors that may play a role in the events of MACE. Further research with larger samples and more comprehensive design is needed to confirm the results of this study.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the management of AMI STE patients?

A: The results of this study suggest that LNR is not a useful predictor of MACE in AMI STE patients. This information can be used to develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in these patients.

Q: What are the future directions of research in this area?

A: Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to understand the role of LNR in the prediction of MACE events in AMI STE patients. This research can provide important information about the risk factors for MACE in AMI STE patients and can help to develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE in these patients.

Q: What are the potential applications of this research?

A: This research has the potential to improve the management of AMI STE patients by identifying new risk factors for MACE and developing more effective strategies for preventing and treating MACE.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this research?

A: The potential benefits of this research include improved patient outcomes, reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life for patients with AMI STE.

Q: What are the potential risks of this research?

A: The potential risks of this research include the potential for adverse events, such as bleeding or thrombosis, associated with the use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this research?

A: The potential limitations of this research include the potential for bias, the potential for confounding variables, and the potential for incomplete or inaccurate data.

Q: What are the potential future directions of this research?

A: The potential future directions of this research include the development of new biomarkers for MACE, the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating MACE, and the development of new risk stratification tools for AMI STE patients.

Q: What are the potential applications of this research in clinical practice?

A: The potential applications of this research in clinical practice include the use of LNR as a biomarker for MACE, the use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy to prevent MACE, and the use of risk stratification tools to identify patients at high risk for MACE.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this research in clinical practice?

A: The potential benefits of this research in clinical practice include improved patient outcomes, reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life for patients with AMI STE.

Q: What are the potential risks of this research in clinical practice?

A: The potential risks of this research in clinical practice include the potential for adverse events, such as bleeding or thrombosis, associated with the use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this research in clinical practice?

A: The potential limitations of this research in clinical practice include the potential for bias, the potential for confounding variables, and the potential for incomplete or inaccurate data.

Q: What are the potential future directions of this research in clinical practice?

A: The potential future directions of this research in clinical practice include the development of new biomarkers for MACE, the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating MACE, and the development of new risk stratification tools for AMI STE patients.