Continued involvement of pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team

Oct 13, 2025 by magicalceylontours.com 52 views

The Effect of Pharmacist Interventions on Drug-Related Problems (DRPs), Therapeutic Outcomes, Compliance, and Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Outpatient Care

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a chronic condition that requires proper attention and treatment, especially related to the use of drugs. Problems related to drugs or drug-related problems (DRPs) often become a barrier in achieving optimal therapy results, patient compliance in taking drugs, and overall quality of life. Interventions carried out by pharmacists in the context of DMT2 are very important to overcome these various DRPs, prevent the emergence of complications, and reduce morbidity and mortality.

The Importance of Pharmacist Interventions in DMT2 Management

Pharmacists play a crucial role in the management of DMT2, not only as a drug provider but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results. Pharmacist interventions can help overcome various DRPs, prevent the emergence of complications, and reduce morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aim to identify and evaluate the events of DRPs in DMT2 patients undergoing outpatient care, as well as analyzing the impact of pharmacist interventions on the number of DRPs events, clinical results, compliance, and quality of life of patients.

Research Purpose and Methodology

This study aims to identify and evaluate the events of DRPs in DMT2 patients undergoing outpatient care, as well as analyzing the impact of pharmacist interventions on the number of DRPs events, clinical results, compliance, and quality of life of patients. This research is retrospective-prooffractive analytic with a cohort approach, involving 48 patients treated at Dr. Tengku Mansyur, Tanjungbalai City, in the period December 2020 to May 2021.

Identification of DRPs events is carried out using the European Pharmaceutical Care Network (PCNE) instrument version 9.0. To measure the quality of life of the patient, the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire is used, while the patient's compliance is evaluated through the MMAS-8 questionnaire and measurement of blood glucose levels. The data collected was analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test through the SPSS program.

Research Results

The results of the analysis show that the average DRPs event before intervention is 1,041 ± 0.041, which decreased significantly after the intervention to 0.104 ± 0.061. The average blood glucose level (KGD) before the intervention was recorded at 262.02 ± 5.91 and decreased to 168.604 ± 3.07 after the intervention. Likewise, MMAS-8 compliance scores have increased from 4,833 ± 0.08 before the intervention to 7.793 ± 0.059 after intervention. The quality of life of patients measured using EQ-5D-3L also shows improvement, where the average score before the intervention of 0.719 ± 0.005 increased to 0.977 ± 0.009 after the intervention.

Analysis and Implications

Pharmacist interventions have proven effective in reducing the incidence of DRPs, increasing therapy results, patient compliance, and the quality of life of outpatients. This shows the importance of the role of the pharmacist not only as a drug provider, but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results.

With the increase in compliance rates and the quality of life of patients, this intervention can be a model in the management of diabetes mellitus in various health facilities. Therefore, it is important to continue to involve pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team, especially in handling chronic diseases such as DMT2. Application of proper education and supervision from pharmacists can be a strategic step in creating patients who are more proactive in their own health management.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of pharmacist interventions in reducing DRPs, improving therapy results, patient compliance, and quality of life of patients with DMT2. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions in improving patient outcomes and highlight the need for continued involvement of pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Continued involvement of pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team: Pharmacists should continue to be involved in the management of DMT2, not only as a drug provider but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results.
Proper education and supervision: Pharmacists should provide proper education and supervision to patients with DMT2 to improve patient compliance and quality of life.
Further research: Further research is needed to explore more diverse intervention strategies in the context of DMT2 and other chronic diseases, in order to improve overall health outcomes.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Retrospective design: The study has a retrospective design, which may introduce bias in the results.
Limited outcome measures: The study only measures a limited number of outcome measures, which may not capture the full range of effects of pharmacist interventions.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

Explore more diverse intervention strategies: Future studies should explore more diverse intervention strategies in the context of DMT2 and other chronic diseases, in order to improve overall health outcomes.
Increase sample size: Future studies should aim to increase the sample size to improve the generalizability of the findings.
Use more robust outcome measures: Future studies should use more robust outcome measures to capture the full range of effects of pharmacist interventions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Effect of Pharmacist Interventions on Drug-Related Problems (DRPs), Therapeutic Outcomes, Compliance, and Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Outpatient Care

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the events of DRPs in DMT2 patients undergoing outpatient care, as well as analyzing the impact of pharmacist interventions on the number of DRPs events, clinical results, compliance, and quality of life of patients.

Q: What is the significance of pharmacist interventions in DMT2 management?

A: Pharmacist interventions play a crucial role in the management of DMT2, not only as a drug provider but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results. Pharmacist interventions can help overcome various DRPs, prevent the emergence of complications, and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Q: What methods were used to identify and evaluate DRPs events in this study?

A: Identification of DRPs events was carried out using the European Pharmaceutical Care Network (PCNE) instrument version 9.0. To measure the quality of life of the patient, the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was used, while the patient's compliance was evaluated through the MMAS-8 questionnaire and measurement of blood glucose levels.

Q: What were the results of the analysis in this study?

A: The results of the analysis show that the average DRPs event before intervention is 1,041 ± 0.041, which decreased significantly after the intervention to 0.104 ± 0.061. The average blood glucose level (KGD) before the intervention was recorded at 262.02 ± 5.91 and decreased to 168.604 ± 3.07 after the intervention. Likewise, MMAS-8 compliance scores have increased from 4,833 ± 0.08 before the intervention to 7.793 ± 0.059 after intervention. The quality of life of patients measured using EQ-5D-3L also shows improvement, where the average score before the intervention of 0.719 ± 0.005 increased to 0.977 ± 0.009 after the intervention.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: Pharmacist interventions have proven effective in reducing the incidence of DRPs, increasing therapy results, patient compliance, and the quality of life of outpatients. This shows the importance of the role of the pharmacist not only as a drug provider, but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Continued involvement of pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team: Pharmacists should continue to be involved in the management of DMT2, not only as a drug provider but also as a therapy manager that focuses on patient health results.
Proper education and supervision: Pharmacists should provide proper education and supervision to patients with DMT2 to improve patient compliance and quality of life.
Further research: Further research is needed to explore more diverse intervention strategies in the context of DMT2 and other chronic diseases, in order to improve overall health outcomes.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Retrospective design: The study has a retrospective design, which may introduce bias in the results.
Limited outcome measures: The study only measures a limited number of outcome measures, which may not capture the full range of effects of pharmacist interventions.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: Future studies should aim to:

Explore more diverse intervention strategies: Future studies should explore more diverse intervention strategies in the context of DMT2 and other chronic diseases, in order to improve overall health outcomes.
Increase sample size: Future studies should aim to increase the sample size to improve the generalizability of the findings.
Use more robust outcome measures: Future studies should use more robust outcome measures to capture the full range of effects of pharmacist interventions.

Q: What are the implications of this study for healthcare professionals?

A: This study highlights the importance of pharmacist interventions in reducing DRPs, improving therapy results, patient compliance, and quality of life of patients with DMT2. Healthcare professionals should continue to involve pharmacists in the multidisciplinary health team, especially in handling chronic diseases such as DMT2.

Q: What are the implications of this study for patients with DMT2?

A: This study shows that pharmacist interventions can improve patient outcomes, including reducing DRPs, improving therapy results, patient compliance, and quality of life. Patients with DMT2 should work closely with their healthcare team, including pharmacists, to achieve optimal health outcomes.